沼氣提純工藝
Biogas purification process
1、沼氣特性
1. Biogas characteristics
沼氣是一種混合氣體，其組成不僅取決于發(fā)酵原料的種類及其相對含量，而且隨發(fā)酵條件及發(fā)酵階段的不同而變化。當(dāng)沼氣厭氧反應(yīng)器處于正常穩(wěn)定發(fā)酵階段時，沼氣的體積組成大致為：甲烷（CH4）50%～75%，二氧化碳（CO2）25%～45%，水（H2O，20～40℃下）2%～7%，氮氣（N2）0～2%，少量的氧氣（O2），以及少于1%的氫氣（H2）和硫化氫（H2S）。
Biogas is a kind of mixed gas. Its composition not only depends on the type and relative content of fermentation raw materials, but also changes with different fermentation conditions and fermentation stages. When the biogas anaerobic reactor is in the normal and stable fermentation stage, the volume composition of biogas is roughly: methane (CH4) 50% ～ 75%, carbon dioxide (CO2) 25% ～ 45%, water (H2O, 20 ～ 40 ℃) 2% ～ 7%, nitrogen (N2) 0 ～ 2%, a small amount of oxygen (O2), and less than 1% hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
沼氣提純工藝，與其它可燃氣體相比，沼氣具有抗爆性良好和燃燒產(chǎn)物清潔等特點。目前，沼氣主要應(yīng)用在發(fā)電、供熱和炊事方面，沼氣中的CO2降低了沼氣的能量密度和熱值，限制了沼氣的利用范圍，要去除沼氣中的CO2、H2S 和水蒸氣等將沼氣提純?yōu)樯锾烊粴猓˙NG）。生物天然氣可壓縮用于車用燃料（CNG）、熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)（CHP）、并入天然氣管網(wǎng)、燃料電池以及化工原料等領(lǐng)域。汽車使用生物天然氣不僅可以降低尾氣排放造成的空氣污染，而且溫室氣體的凈排放量減少75%～200%，生物天然氣可混入現(xiàn)有的天然氣管網(wǎng)，降低對石化能源的依賴。
Compared with other combustible gases, biogas purification process is characterized by good explosion resistance and clean combustion products. At present, biogas is mainly used in power generation, heat supply and cooking. The CO2 in the biogas reduces the energy density and calorific value of the biogas, and limits the utilization range of the biogas. It is necessary to remove CO2, H2S and water vapor from the biogas to purify the biogas into biological natural gas (BNG). Biological natural gas can be compressed and used in such fields as vehicle fuel (CNG), cogeneration (CHP), incorporation into natural gas pipeline network, fuel cell and chemical raw materials. The use of bio natural gas in automobiles can not only reduce the air pollution caused by exhaust emissions, but also reduce the net greenhouse gas emissions by 75%~200%. Bio natural gas can be mixed into the existing natural gas pipeline network, reducing the dependence on petrochemical energy.
2、沼氣提純技術(shù)
2. Biogas purification technology
目前填埋氣提純工藝有變壓吸附法（PSA）、水洗法、化學(xué)吸收法、膜分離法、選擇分離法等，在目前世界范圍內(nèi)工藝較為成熟、應(yīng)用相對較多的方法是變壓吸附法（PSA）、化學(xué)吸收法（胺法凈化）、膜分離法。
At present, the purification processes of landfill gas include pressure swing adsorption (PSA), water washing, chemical absorption, membrane separation, selective separation, etc. At present, the more mature and widely used methods in the world are pressure swing adsorption (PSA), chemical absorption (amine purification), and membrane separation.
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2022-11-07
