生物脫硫技術(shù)是一種在常溫、常壓下利用好氣菌脫除含硫化合物中硫原子的新技術(shù)女該技術(shù)被認(rèn)為是煉油廠常規(guī)加氫脫硫技術(shù)的潛在替代工藝。在生物脫硫過程中，細(xì)菌從石油餾分中除去硫原子而不破壞有機(jī)物的碳骨架結(jié)構(gòu)，DBT及其衍生物等在細(xì)菌的作用下轉(zhuǎn)化為亞硫酸鹽和不含硫的有機(jī)化合物，從而為深度脫硫提供了可能性!。相比加氫脫硫等傳統(tǒng)脫硫技術(shù)，生物脫硫技術(shù)有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):①運(yùn)行條件溫和(常溫常壓)，可減小對氫的需求、節(jié)省大量的能源:@具有較低的投資及運(yùn)營成本:③可顯著減少二氧化碳的排放:④高選擇性，可有效地從DBT及其衍生物中除去硫;⑤不會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良的副產(chǎn)物，可最大程度地保留油品的熱值5。因此，生物脫硫技術(shù)被認(rèn)為是一種環(huán)境友好型且非常具有潛力的油品脫硫方法

　　Biological desulfurization technology is a new technology that uses aerobic bacteria to remove sulfur atoms from sulfur-containing compounds at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This technology is considered a potential alternative to conventional hydrogenation desulfurization technology in refineries. In the process of biological desulfurization, bacteria remove sulfur atoms from petroleum fractions without damaging the carbon skeleton structure of organic matter. DBT and its derivatives are converted into sulfite and sulfur free organic compounds under the action of bacteria, providing the possibility for deep desulfurization!. Compared with traditional desulfurization technologies such as hydrogen desulfurization, biological desulfurization technology has the following advantages: ① mild operating conditions (normal temperature and pressure), which can reduce the demand for hydrogen and save a lot of energy; @ has lower investment and operating costs; ③ can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions; ④ high selectivity, which can effectively remove sulfur from DBT and its derivatives; ⑤ It will not produce any adverse by-products and can maximize the retention of the calorific value of the oil. Therefore, biological desulfurization technology is considered an environmentally friendly and highly promising method for oil desulfurization

　　石油的生物脫硫是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的生物反應(yīng)過程，是由微生物主導(dǎo)進(jìn)行的多相反應(yīng)。生物脫硫工藝大體可包括3個(gè)主要過程，即生物催化劑的制備、原料的生物脫硫反應(yīng)和產(chǎn)品的分離回收。

　　The biological desulfurization of petroleum is a complex biological reaction process, which is a multiphase reaction dominated by microorganisms. The biological desulfurization process generally includes three main processes, namely the preparation of biocatalysts, the biological desulfurization reaction of raw materials, and the separation and recovery of products.

　　生物催化劑的制備過程涉及脫硫菌和脫硫酶的培育、發(fā)酵，主要分為2種:游離細(xì)菌和固定化細(xì)菌。游離細(xì)菌又可分為生長細(xì)胞與靜息細(xì)胞2種，生長細(xì)胞是指維持生長狀態(tài)的細(xì)胞，在生物脫硫反應(yīng)中同時(shí)進(jìn)行新陳代謝和能量代謝;靜息細(xì)胞是指僅維持代謝活動(dòng)但處于停止分裂狀態(tài)的細(xì)胞，具有高反應(yīng)專一性及高催化活性，在生物脫硫反應(yīng)過程只進(jìn)行能量代謝而不進(jìn)行生長代謝。固定化細(xì)菌是指通過物理或化學(xué)的方法，將游離細(xì)菌負(fù)載于特定載體上并使其保持活性的一種生物技術(shù)，相比游離細(xì)菌，固定化細(xì)菌具有更高的穩(wěn)定性、更易于回收以及更好的可重復(fù)使用性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，生物脫硫反應(yīng)的主體是細(xì)菌，脫硫活性、底物適應(yīng)性等決定了脫硫效果的優(yōu)劣，因此獲取高性能的脫硫菌株是目前研究的重點(diǎn)之一。

　　The preparation process of biocatalysts involves the cultivation and fermentation of desulfurizing bacteria and enzymes, mainly divided into two types: free bacteria and immobilized bacteria. Free bacteria can be divided into two types: growing cells and resting cells. Growing cells refer to cells that maintain their growth state and undergo metabolism and energy metabolism simultaneously in biological desulfurization reactions; Resting cells refer to cells that only maintain metabolic activity but are in a state of cessation of division, with high reaction specificity and catalytic activity. They only undergo energy metabolism during biological desulfurization reactions and do not undergo growth metabolism. Fixed bacteria refer to a biotechnology that uses physical or chemical methods to load free bacteria onto specific carriers and maintain their activity. Compared to free bacteria, fixed bacteria have higher stability, easier recovery, and better reusability. The main body of biological desulfurization reactions is bacteria, and desulfurization activity, substrate adaptability, etc. determine the quality of desulfurization effect. Therefore, obtaining high-performance desulfurization strains is currently one of the research focuses.

　　生物反應(yīng)器應(yīng)保證生物催化劑可與汽油、柴油等原料充分混合，以提高含硫化合物的傳質(zhì)效率進(jìn)而加快脫硫速率。目前已見報(bào)道投人使用的反應(yīng)器包括連續(xù)攪拌式反應(yīng)器、氣升式反應(yīng)器、乳相接觸反應(yīng)器、流化床反應(yīng)器和微通道反應(yīng)器等[14。各類生物脫硫反應(yīng)器的特點(diǎn)如表1所示產(chǎn)品的分離回收主要包括以下3個(gè)部分:①分離回收脫硫后的汽油、柴油;②回收活性生物催化劑并回流至發(fā)酵罐:③回收含硫化學(xué)品。在生物脫硫反應(yīng)器中為了提高含硫化合物的傳質(zhì)效率，需要保證油、水、固三相的充分混合，但這會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的乳化現(xiàn)象，加大后續(xù)汽油、柴油分離回收的難度8。分離裝置可通過水力旋流器或加人化學(xué)劑破乳提高分離效率;水相中的硫酸鹽可通過離子交換樹脂、半滲透離子交換膜或電滲析脫除，從而恢復(fù)生物催化劑活性:分離得到的硫酸鹽可用于生產(chǎn)硫酸鈉或硫酸銨。

　　The bioreactor should ensure that the biocatalyst can be fully mixed with raw materials such as gasoline and diesel to improve the mass transfer efficiency of sulfur-containing compounds and accelerate the desulfurization rate. At present, the reactors that have been reported for use include continuous stirred reactors, air lift reactors, emulsion phase contact reactors, fluidized bed reactors, and microchannel reactors [14]. The characteristics of various types of biological desulfurization reactors are shown in Table 1. The separation and recovery of products mainly include the following three parts: ① separation and recovery of desulfurized gasoline and diesel; ② recovery of active biocatalysts and reflux to the fermentation tank; ③ recovery of sulfur-containing chemicals. In order to improve the mass transfer efficiency of sulfur-containing compounds in biological desulfurization reactors, it is necessary to ensure sufficient mixing of oil, water, and solid phases, but this will cause serious emulsification phenomena, increasing the difficulty of subsequent separation and recovery of gasoline and diesel. 8. The separation device can be achieved by using a hydraulic cyclone or adding chemicals. Emulsification of agents improves separation efficiency; Sulfate in the aqueous phase can be removed by ion exchange resin, semi permeable ion exchange membrane, or electrodialysis to restore the activity of biocatalysts: the separated sulfate can be used to produce sodium sulfate or ammonium sulfate.

　　本文由 生物脫硫  友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請點(diǎn)擊  http://ttzdb.com/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請期待.

　　This article is contributed by the friendship of biological desulfurization. For more related knowledge, please click http://ttzdb.com/ Sincere attitude. We provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Please stay tuned生物反應(yīng)器應(yīng)保證生物催化劑可與汽油、柴油等原料充分混合，以提高含硫化合物的傳質(zhì)效率進(jìn)而加快脫硫速率。目前已見報(bào)道投人使用的反應(yīng)器包括連續(xù)攪拌式反應(yīng)器、氣升式反應(yīng)器、乳相接觸反應(yīng)器、流化床反應(yīng)器和微通道反應(yīng)器等[14。各類生物脫硫反應(yīng)器的特點(diǎn)如表1所示產(chǎn)品的分離回收主要包括以下3個(gè)部分:①分離回收脫硫后的汽油、柴油;②回收活性生物催化劑并回流至發(fā)酵罐:③回收含硫化學(xué)品。在生物脫硫反應(yīng)器中為了提高含硫化合物的傳質(zhì)效率，需要保證油、水、固三相的充分混合，但這會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的乳化現(xiàn)象，加大后續(xù)汽油、柴油分離回收的難度8。分離裝置可通過水力旋流器或加人化學(xué)劑破乳提高分離效率;水相中的硫酸鹽可通過離子交換樹脂、半滲透離子交換膜或電滲析脫除，從而恢復(fù)生物催化劑活性:分離得到的硫酸鹽可用于生產(chǎn)硫酸鈉或硫酸銨。

　　The bioreactor should ensure that the biocatalyst can be fully mixed with raw materials such as gasoline and diesel to improve the mass transfer efficiency of sulfur-containing compounds and accelerate the desulfurization rate. At present, the reactors that have been reported for use include continuous stirred reactors, air lift reactors, emulsion phase contact reactors, fluidized bed reactors, and microchannel reactors [14]. The characteristics of various types of biological desulfurization reactors are shown in Table 1. The separation and recovery of products mainly include the following three parts: ① separation and recovery of desulfurized gasoline and diesel; ② recovery of active biocatalysts and reflux to the fermentation tank; ③ recovery of sulfur-containing chemicals. In order to improve the mass transfer efficiency of sulfur-containing compounds in biological desulfurization reactors, it is necessary to ensure sufficient mixing of oil, water, and solid phases, but this will cause serious emulsification phenomena, increasing the difficulty of subsequent separation and recovery of gasoline and diesel. 8. The separation device can be achieved by using a hydraulic cyclone or adding chemicals. Emulsification of agents improves separation efficiency; Sulfate in the aqueous phase can be removed by ion exchange resin, semi permeable ion exchange membrane, or electrodialysis to restore the activity of biocatalysts: the separated sulfate can be used to produce sodium sulfate or ammonium sulfate.

　　本文由 生物脫硫  友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請點(diǎn)擊  http://ttzdb.com/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請期待.

　　This article is contributed by the friendship of biological desulfurization. For more related knowledge, please click http://ttzdb.com/ Sincere attitude. We provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Please stay tuned